Health care knowledge and clinical symptom diagnosis for patients with hyperlipidemia

Part Two: Lifestyle Taboos and Health Care for Patients with Hyperlipidemia

I. Basic Knowledge about Hyperlipidemia

Blood lipids are neutral fats (triglycerides) and lipids (phospholipids, glycolipids, sterols) in blood plasma.

A general term for steroids. Hyperlipidemia refers to a condition where one or more lipid components in the blood plasma are present at levels higher than normal.

Hyperlipidemia, as commonly referred to, mainly refers to serum total cholesterol (TC) and/or triglycerides (TG).

Levels rise.

Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, stroke, and hypertension.

A significant risk factor. Numerous studies have confirmed that lowering blood lipids can significantly reduce the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.

Therefore, actively preventing and treating hyperlipidemia is of great importance.

Hyperlipidemia is classified into primary hyperlipidemia and secondary hyperlipidemia according to its etiology. Primary hyperlipidemia...

Blood disorders are often related to genetics, caused by congenital defects in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Secondary

Hyperlipidemia is caused by other diseases (such as diabetes, nephrotic syndrome, hypothyroidism, liver disease).

(e.g., heart disease, etc.) or certain medications (e.g., diuretics, beta-blockers, glucocorticoids, etc.) can cause

Elevated blood lipids.

Depending on the type of elevated blood lipids, hyperlipidemia can be divided into hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, etc.

Hyperlipidemia and mixed hyperlipidemia. Hypercholesterolemia refers to elevated serum total cholesterol levels; high...

Hypertriglyceridemia refers to elevated serum triglyceride levels; mixed hyperlipidemia refers to elevated serum total cholesterol levels.

Both cholesterol and triglyceride levels were elevated.

II. Clinical symptoms and diagnostic methods of hyperlipidemia

Hyperlipidemia often has no obvious clinical symptoms in its early stages and is mostly discovered during routine health checkups.

Known as the "silent killer," long-term high blood lipids can lead to atherosclerosis and related complications.

Symptoms of organ ischemia.

1. Xanthoma: Yellow, orange-yellow, or brownish-red nodules formed by lipid deposition in the skin.

Patches or papules. Commonly found around the eyelids, known as xanthelasma eyelidis. Also seen on the elbows, knees, buttocks, etc.

The extensor surfaces of joints such as the ankle are called nodular xanthoma or tendon xanthoma.

2. Arcus senilis: Also known as corneal arcus, it is a grayish-white ring-shaped structure formed by lipid deposition around the cornea.

Structure. More common in the elderly, but if it appears in someone under 40, it often suggests the possibility of hyperlipidemia.

3. Atherosclerosis: Long-term hyperlipidemia can lead to thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls.

Sexual dysfunction, narrowing of the lumen. Involvement of the coronary arteries can cause angina pectoris and myocardial infarction; involvement of cerebral arteries can lead to...

It can cause cerebral ischemia and cerebral infarction; involvement of the renal artery can cause renal hypertension and renal insufficiency; involvement of the lower extremities can also cause cerebral ischemia and cerebral infarction.

Arterial damage to the limbs can cause intermittent claudication and gangrene of the limbs.

4. Other symptoms: Severe hypertriglyceridemia (e.g., exceeding 1000 mg/dL) can induce...

Acute pancreatitis presents with severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. It may also cause hepatosplenomegaly and visual disturbances.

Omental lipemia, etc.

Diagnosis of hyperlipidemia mainly relies on laboratory tests. Fasting for 12-14 hours is required before the test.

Avoid drinking alcohol and strenuous exercise after a meal.

The main items in a blood lipid test include:

(1) Total cholesterol (TC): The appropriate level for adults is <5.18 mmol/L (200 mg/dL).

The borderline elevation ranged from 5.18 to 6.19 mmol/L (200 to 239 mg/dL), and the elevation was ≥6.22 mmol/L.

(240 mg/dL).

(2) Triglycerides (TG): The appropriate level is <1.70 mmol/L (150 mg/dL), and an increase is not recommended.

The value was ≥1.70 mmol/L (150 mg/dL).

(3) Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C): The ideal level is <2.60 mmol/L

(100 mg/dL), the appropriate level is <3.37 mmol/L (130 mg/dL), and the borderline level is 3.37～

4.12 mmol/L (130–159 mg/dL), increased to ≥4.14 mmol/L (160 mg/dL).

(4) High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C): reduced to <1.04 mmol/L (40 mg/dL),

The appropriate level is ≥1.04 mmol/L (40 mg/dL).

Adults should have their blood lipids checked every 2 to 5 years. Men over 40 and postmenopausal women should have their blood lipids checked annually.

One test is required. High-risk groups (such as those with hypertension, diabetes, obesity, smokers, or those with coronary heart disease or high blood pressure) should be tested.

Those with a family history of hyperlipidemia should be tested every 3 to 6 months.

III. Dos and Don'ts of Mindset for Patients with Hyperlipidemia

It's important to have a correct understanding of hyperlipidemia; we should take it seriously, but not be intimidated by it. Hyperlipidemia...

The condition is preventable and treatable, as long as one adheres to a scientific lifestyle, a reasonable diet, and, when necessary, appropriate medical treatment.

With combined medication, blood lipids can be controlled at ideal levels, thus preventing or delaying cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

The occurrence of.