Pharmacological interventions for brain health in the elderly and risk assessment of personal health: From the application of Ginkgo biloba extract to in-depth assessment of the risks of premature death and longevity

Section 4: Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease is Crucial. International and domestic neurology experts remind people to pay attention to Alzheimer's patients and ensure they receive early diagnosis and treatment to improve their quality of life. Experts explain that the prevalence and incidence of Alzheimer's disease doubles with every five-year increase in age. In those over 65, the incidence is approximately 5%; over 85, it increases to 25%; and in those over 95, it reaches as high as 60%. In developed countries, Alzheimer's disease has become the most common primary degenerative disease of the elderly. The average prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in the entire population is 4.2%. Epidemiological data in my country show that the incidence of Alzheimer's disease is 2.3% in the 60-69 age group, 3.97% in the 70-79 age group, and 32% in those over 80. Experts point out that early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is extremely important. When elderly people experience severe memory loss and cognitive impairment, early examination at a hospital's psychiatry, neurology, internal medicine, or geriatrics department can generally lead to a correct diagnosis and treatment. However, people often mistake these symptoms for normal aging and fail to seek medical attention promptly, resulting in severe dementia and death from complications. Experts say that although there is currently no cure for Alzheimer's disease, early use of medications such as Cerebrolysin, Arisen, Estrogen, and Habercin can have a certain therapeutic effect on mild to moderate Alzheimer's. Furthermore, recent clinical trials have shown that Ginkgo biloba extract has good efficacy in treating Alzheimer's disease. These medications can improve blood circulation and energy metabolism in ischemic tissues, increase blood flow, thereby protecting the integrity of cell membrane structure and function, exerting a neuroprotective effect in ischemic states, improving the condition of Alzheimer's patients, and enhancing their quality of life. These suggestions are for reference only.

Part Two: Sub-health and Personal Insurance Chapter Nine: Sub-health Concepts and Personal Insurance Section One: Personal Risk and Personal Insurance Insurance is a risk financial transfer mechanism that pools funds from similar risks to establish a fund, providing economic protection for the consequences of specific risks. Therefore, all insurance provides economic protection for the consequences of specific risks, thereby meeting some of the economic security needs of individuals, families, and businesses. The insurance industry has been continuously designing, modifying, and updating products according to the laws of risk occurrence and development to meet the various insurance needs of individuals, families, and businesses. However, the fundamental purpose of insurance products-to provide economic protection for the consequences of specific risks-has never changed. In fact, risk is the natural foundation of any insurance (whether personal insurance, property insurance, or social insurance). It is the existence of personal risk that creates the demand for personal insurance. I. Personal Risk Personal insurance, as the name suggests, is an effective measure taken against various risks related to personal safety to prevent or mitigate personal and economic damage caused by personal risk accidents. Therefore, we must first clarify the concept of personal risk. Risk refers to the uncertainty of the occurrence and extent of loss. Based on the consequences of risk loss, any loss caused by risk can be categorized into four types: property risk, liability risk, credit risk, and personal risk. Personal risk specifically refers to the risk of harm to a person's life or body. The carrier of personal risk is the subject who bears the risk or loss when risks or losses such as physical injury, life loss, health loss, unemployment loss, or old age occur. This subject can be a natural person or an organization to which that person belongs. In summary, personal risks fall into two main categories: dying too early and living too long, and the accompanying risks of illness, disability, aging, unemployment, or retirement. Once these risks occur, the risk events often manifest in a person's physical health or life, resulting in consequences such as reduced or interrupted income and loss of interests; in addition, they can also lead to mental grief, pain, and trauma. In summary, we can divide personal risks into two categories: life risks and health risks. Life risks are risks related to a person's survival, including survival risks and death risks; health risks mainly affect a person's physical health or well-being. Here, death is an inevitable fact, without any uncertainty, but the time of death is uncertain; health risks also have significant uncertainties, such as whether disability or illness will occur, when it will occur, and the degree of damage to health, etc., are all uncertain. (I) Life Risk Regarding life risk, an individual faces two completely different situations: early death or retirement. Early death risk refers to the risk that others will depend on the deceased's income when death occurs, while retirement risk refers to the risk that an individual, although alive, can no longer earn more income, that is, the risk that they will not have savings or sufficient savings to meet their personal or family living expenses during retirement. 1. Early Death Risk The gradually accumulating funds included in some life insurance products of all commercial life insurance companies can prepare for retirement; in addition to the fund, there is also a death benefit. This means that the basic function of life insurance is to provide economic protection against the economic loss caused by early death, and it is a means of insuring against early death and accumulating funds for other uses. Death does not automatically lead to economic loss, because the deceased does not bear the loss. The loss is borne by those who depend on the deceased's income. The primary reason premature death poses a risk of income loss is that those who would suffer losses due to the deceased are still alive. If a person has no family burdens, their death will not affect others, and therefore they will not face any economic loss risk, making any protective measures against such losses unnecessary. However, in reality, this is a minority situation. People live within families and society, and the end of one person's life often means sorrow and loss for many, thus creating a demand for insurance coverage against the risk of premature death. Specifically, death can lead to two types of economic losses: the first is the cost related to death itself, mainly including funeral expenses, repayment of the deceased's debts, and the costs of passing on the death (such as probate fees and estate tax); the second loss is the loss of the deceased's income during their lifetime, which is a potential loss. In addition, there is the mental and psychological damage to those involved, a loss that cannot be measured in monetary terms. 2. Old Age Risks: These risks relate to the security of old age. As people age, they face retirement, which, in a sense, is the risk of "living too long," meaning the interruption of income sources, but it is less threatening than the risk of premature death. Old age risks mainly manifest in two aspects: first, individuals may not have enough savings by retirement, making it impossible to support themselves and their families; second, even with savings, they may not have enough to sustain themselves for the rest of their lives, i.e., the risk of insufficient retirement savings. As people age, the risk of illness or disability increases, compounded by legal regulations, social customs, and rising living standards. Retirement is a relatively recent development in human history. In ancient times, the concept of "retirement" didn't exist; people typically worked until death or until they could no longer work. Today, however, retirement is a significant part of personal life. There's a saying that "people spend their entire lives preparing for retirement." Similarly, when income is plentiful, people need to accumulate savings for unforeseen circumstances, the amount depending on their circumstances. In other words, retirement savings depend on the desired standard of living and changes in one's living and economic environment after retirement.