Western medicine treatment for hypertension (continued): Beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers
6. Metoprolol
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[Efficacy]This product is a commonly used antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic drug, which can effectively lower blood pressure and prevent arrhythmia.
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[Indications]Various types of hypertension and angina pectoris. Intravenous injection can treat arrhythmias, especially supraventricular arrhythmias.
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> [Usage]
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(1) Oral administration. Treatment of hypertension: The initial dose is 100 mg once a day; the maintenance dose is 100-200 mg once a day; the maximum dose should not exceed 400 mg per day.
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> For the treatment of angina pectoris: 100-150 mg daily, 2-3 times daily; depending on the condition, the dosage may be increased to 150-300 mg daily.
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(2) Intravenous injection. Treatment of arrhythmia: The initial dose is 5 ml per injection (1-2 ml per minute), repeated after 5 minutes. The total dose is generally 10-15 ml.
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> [Precautions]
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> (1) Occasionally, adverse reactions such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, fatigue, insomnia and nightmares may occur after taking the medicine.
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> (2) Contraindicated in patients with atrioventricular block, severe bradycardia, and heart failure unresponsive to digitalis.
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(3) Use with caution in patients with diabetes, hyperthyroidism, bradycardia, or poor liver and kidney function.
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7. Atenolol (Atenolol Tablets)
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[Efficacy] This product is a β-receptor blocker, which can effectively lower blood pressure and reduce myocardial oxygen consumption.
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[Indications]Hypertension, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction. Also used to treat arrhythmia, hyperthyroidism, and pheochromocytoma.
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> [Usage]Oral administration. The initial dose is 6.25–12.5 mg twice daily.
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Depending on the patient's condition and tolerance, the dosage can be gradually increased to 50–200 mg per day.
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> [Precautions]
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(1) Occasionally, adverse reactions such as hypotension, bradycardia, dizziness, cold extremities, fatigue, weakness, gastrointestinal discomfort, depression, hair loss, thrombocytopenia, rash, and dry eyes may occur after taking the medication. In very rare cases, cardiac conduction block may occur in sensitive patients.
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> (2) Contraindicated in patients with cardiac conduction block, cardiogenic shock, sinus syndrome, or severe sinus bradycardia.
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(3) This product is contraindicated for pregnant women and breastfeeding women.
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(4) Use with caution in elderly patients.
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(5) Dosage for children should be as prescribed by a doctor.
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8. Bissolol (Bosu)
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[Efficacy] This product is a beta-blocker that can effectively lower blood pressure and reduce myocardial oxygen consumption.
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[Indications]Hypertension, angina pectoris.
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> [Usage]Oral administration. The initial dose is 5 mg once daily, taken in the morning.
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Depending on the condition, the dosage can be gradually increased to 5-10 mg per day; the maximum dosage should not exceed 20 mg per day.
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> [Precautions]
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> (1) Occasionally, adverse reactions such as dizziness, headache, sweating, fatigue, decreased sleep quality, gastrointestinal discomfort, bradycardia, hypotension, cardiac conduction block, erythematous rash, muscle pain and lower extremity edema may occur after taking the medicine.
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(2) Contraindicated in patients with atrioventricular block, cardiogenic shock, severe bradycardia, or hypotension.
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> (3) Use with caution in pregnant women and patients with pulmonary insufficiency, bronchial asthma, severe liver and kidney dysfunction, or heart failure.
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9. Timolol (Timolol Maleate Tablets)
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[Efficacy] This product is a β-receptor blocker, which can effectively lower blood pressure and inhibit tachycardia.
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[Indications]Primary hypertension, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction. Also effective in preventing and treating migraines.
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> [Usage]Oral administration. Treatment of hypertension: The initial dose is 2.5-5 mg each time, 2-3 times a day; the maintenance dose is 20-40 mg a day; the maximum dose should not exceed 60 mg a day.
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> Treatment of myocardial infarction: The starting dose is 2.5 mg twice daily; the maximum daily dose should not exceed 20 mg.
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For the treatment of migraines, take 10 mg twice daily; the maximum daily dose should not exceed 30 mg.
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> [Precautions]
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> (1) Occasionally, adverse reactions such as fatigue, bradycardia, dizziness and gastrointestinal disorders may occur after taking the medicine.
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> (2) This product is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to it, bronchial asthma or a history of bronchial asthma, severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sinus bradycardia, atrioventricular block, refractory heart failure, and cardiogenic shock.
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(3) Use with caution in patients with diabetes, hyperthyroidism, bradycardia, or poor liver and kidney function.
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(4) Pregnant women and breastfeeding women should use with caution.
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10. Labetalol (Labetalol Hydrochloride)
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[Efficacy] This product is a β-receptor blocker, which can effectively lower blood pressure and reduce myocardial oxygen consumption.
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[Indications] For various types of hypertensive emergencies, such as hypertensive crisis, pheochromocytoma crisis, preeclampsia, hypertensive encephalopathy, and hypertension caused by extensive burns, accompanied by hypertension due to coronary artery disease or acute myocardial infarction, and postoperative hypertension. It can also be used to control blood pressure during anesthesia.
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> [Usage]
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> (1) □ Oral administration. The initial dose is 100 mg each time, 2 to 3 times a day.
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The daily dosage for mild hypertension is generally 300–800 mg; for moderate hypertension, it is generally 600–1200 mg; and for severe hypertension, it is generally 1200–2400 mg. The dosage should be reduced when used in combination with diuretics.
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(2) Intravenous injection. 25-100 ml each time, diluted with 10% glucose to 20-40 ml, and slowly injected over 10 minutes.
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> [Precautions]
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> (1) Occasionally, adverse reactions such as dizziness, fatigue, hallucinations, nausea, indigestion, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dry mouth, scalp tingling, and orthostatic hypotension may occur after taking the medication.
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> (2) Intravenous injection is contraindicated in children, pregnant women, and patients with asthma or cerebral hemorrhage.
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(3) Contraindicated in patients with cerebral hemorrhage, bradycardia, conduction block, or bronchial asthma.
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> (4) Use with caution in patients with heart, liver and kidney dysfunction.
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11. Prazosin (Prazosin Hydrochloride)
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[Efficacy] This product is an alpha receptor blocker, which can relax vascular smooth muscle, dilate peripheral blood vessels, reduce peripheral vascular resistance and lower blood pressure.
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[Indications]Mild to moderate hypertension.
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[Usage]Oral administration. The initial dose is 0.5 mg, taken before bedtime.
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The usual dosage is 0.5 to 1 mg, 2 to 3 times daily. Depending on the condition, the dosage can be gradually increased to 6 to 15 mg daily, divided into 2 to 3 doses. The maximum daily dose should not exceed 20 mg.
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> [Precautions]
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> (1) Occasionally, adverse reactions such as dizziness, headache, drowsiness, lethargy, palpitations, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, edema, orthostatic hypotension, irritability, rash, itching, frequent urination, blurred vision, nasal congestion, nosebleeds and tinnitus may occur after taking the medicine.
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(2) This product is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to it. Use with caution in elderly patients.
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12. Doxazosin (Doxazosin Mesylate)
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[Efficacy] This product is an alpha-receptor blocker, which can lower blood pressure by dilating peripheral blood vessels and reducing peripheral vascular resistance.
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[Indications]Primary hypertension, benign prostatic hyperplasia.
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> [Usage]Oral administration. The initial dose is 1 mg, once daily, taken before bedtime.
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After 1-2 weeks of medication, the dosage can be gradually adjusted according to the patient's condition and tolerance. The maintenance dose is 1-8 mg once daily. The maximum daily dose should not exceed 16 mg.
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> [Precautions]
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> (1) Occasionally, adverse reactions such as dizziness, headache, fatigue, drowsiness, edema, nausea, rhinitis, difficulty breathing, orthostatic hypotension, palpitations, vertigo, dry mouth, visual abnormalities, nervousness, sexual dysfunction, diarrhea, polyuria, chest pain and general pain may occur after taking the medicine.
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In rare cases, adverse reactions may occur, including arrhythmia, hypotension, rash, itching, joint pain, arthritis, muscle weakness, myalgia, paresthesia, motor disorders, ataxia, hypertonia, muscle spasms, flushing, conjunctivitis, tinnitus, depression, insomnia, constipation, indigestion, flatulence, epistaxis, urinary incontinence, weakness, facial edema, tachycardia, and peripheral nerve ischemia.
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(2) Contraindicated in patients with allergies to quinazoline drugs.
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(3) Use with caution in pregnant women, breastfeeding women and elderly patients.
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13. Terazosin (hypertensive medication)
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[Efficacy]This product is an alpha-receptor blocker that can relieve urinary difficulties caused by smooth muscle tension in benign prostatic hyperplasia by reducing smooth muscle tension at the bladder outlet. It can also lower blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance.
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[Indications]Hypertension, benign prostatic hyperplasia.
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[Usage]Oral administration. The initial daily dose should not exceed 1 mg, taken before bedtime.
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During the first week of treatment, take 1 mg daily in the morning. Thereafter, increase the dosage by 1 mg each week until blood pressure returns to normal. The maintenance dose is 8–10 mg daily for 5 weeks as one course of treatment.
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> [Precautions]
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(1) Adverse reactions to this product are generally mild, including headache, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, peripheral tissue edema, palpitations, and decreased vision. These adverse reactions usually disappear on their own after 2 weeks of medication.
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(2) This product is contraindicated in individuals with known hypersensitivity to it and in children under 12 years of age.
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(3) Hypotension may occur when this product is used in combination with other antihypertensive drugs.
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14. Uraldir (Upidi)
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[Efficacy]This product is an alpha receptor blocker that can significantly reduce peripheral vascular resistance and lower blood pressure by dilating blood vessels and reducing sympathetic feedback regulation in the medullary cardiovascular control center.
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[Indications]Various types of hypertension, severe hypertension, hypertensive crisis, and congestive heart failure. Also effective in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia.
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[Usage]Oral administration. The initial dose is 30 mg twice daily. The usual dose is 30-180 mg twice daily.
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> [Precautions]
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> (1) Occasionally, adverse reactions such as dizziness, nausea, fatigue and itching may occur after taking the medicine.
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> (2) Contraindicated in pregnant and lactating women, as well as patients with aortic isthmus stenosis or arteriovenous shunt.
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15. Dilthium hydrochloride (Tianerxin)
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[Efficacy]This product is a calcium channel blocker that can lower blood pressure and prevent the expansion of myocardial infarction by dilating coronary arteries and collateral vessels, increasing coronary blood flow, and dilating peripheral blood vessels.
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[Indications]Mild to moderate hypertension, hypertension complicated with coronary heart disease, and various types of angina pectoris due to coronary heart disease.
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[Usage]Oral administration. The usual dose is 30 mg three times daily.
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The dosage can be gradually increased as needed based on the patient's condition, but the maximum dosage should not exceed 160 mg.
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> [Precautions]
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(1) Occasionally, adverse reactions such as headache, vasomotor fever, malaise, lower extremity edema, digestive disorders, rash, fatigue, and palpitations may occur after taking the medication. Bradycardia is rare.
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(2) Use with caution in patients with bradycardia or first-degree atrioventricular block; patients with hepatic or renal insufficiency, elderly patients, and patients under general anesthesia. Use with caution in breastfeeding women.
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> (3) Sinus arrhythmia and other cardiac dysfunctions, second- or third-degree atrioventricular block without a pacemaker, left ventricular dysfunction with pulmonary congestion, severe bradycardia, pregnant women, and women who have not used contraception are prohibited from using this method.
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16. Nifedipine (Nifedipine)
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[Efficacy]This product is a calcium channel blocker that can relax vascular smooth muscle, dilate coronary arteries, increase coronary blood flow, improve myocardial tolerance to ischemia, dilate peripheral arterioles and reduce peripheral vascular resistance, thereby lowering blood pressure.
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[Indications]Hypertension, variant angina, unstable angina, chronic stable angina.
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[Usage]Oral administration. The initial dose is 10 mg three times daily.
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The usual dosage is 10–20 mg three times daily. The maximum daily dose should not exceed 120 mg.
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For some patients with significant coronary artery spasm, the dosage can be increased to 20-30 mg per dose, 3-4 times daily.
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> [Precautions]
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(1) Adverse reactions to this product are generally mild, with occasional facial flushing, palpitations, and sinus tachycardia. Individual patients may experience adverse reactions such as numbness of the tongue base, dry mouth, sweating, headache, nausea, and loss of appetite.
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(2) This product is contraindicated in pregnant women and those allergic to it.
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