Western medicine treatment for hypertension (continued): Calcium channel blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
17. Nimodipine (Nemoton)
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[Efficacy]This product is a calcium channel blocker that can selectively dilate blood vessels, inhibit smooth muscle contraction, and relieve vasospasm, thereby lowering blood pressure.
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[Indications]Mild to moderate hypertension, ischemic cerebrovascular disease, migraine, cerebral vasospasm caused by mild arachnoid hemorrhage, and sudden deafness.
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[Usage]Oral administration. The recommended dosage is 40-60 mg daily, divided into 3-4 doses. The maximum daily dose should not exceed 240 mg.
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> [Precautions]
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(1) Adverse reactions to this product are generally mild. Occasionally, adverse reactions such as facial flushing, dizziness, itchy skin, numbness of the lips, and rash may occur. Generally, it is not necessary to discontinue the medication, and the adverse reactions will disappear on their own.
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(2) This product is contraindicated in breastfeeding women and patients with severe liver dysfunction.
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> (3) Use with caution in patients with diffuse cerebral edema or significantly elevated intracranial pressure, elderly patients, patients with severe renal impairment, patients with severe cardiovascular dysfunction, and patients with severe hypotension.
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18. Amlodipine (Amlodipine besylate)
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[Efficacy]This product is a calcium channel blocker that can block calcium ions from entering myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cells. At the same time, it can directly relax vascular smooth muscle, dilate peripheral arterioles and coronary arteries, reduce peripheral vascular resistance, relieve coronary artery spasm, and reduce cardiac load, thereby lowering blood pressure and relieving angina.
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[Indications]Hypertension, chronic stable angina, variant angina.
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[Usage]Oral administration. The starting dose is 5 mg once daily. The maximum dose should not exceed 10 mg once daily.
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The dosage can be gradually adjusted according to the condition after 1 to 2 weeks of medication.
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> [Precautions]
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> (1) Occasionally, adverse reactions such as facial flushing, fatigue, edema, dizziness, headache, abdominal pain, nausea, palpitations, drowsiness, dry mouth, sweating, weakness, back pain, low blood pressure, indigestion, changes in bowel habits, insomnia, cough and difficulty breathing may occur after taking the medicine.
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(2) This product is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to dihydropyridine drugs or any of its components.
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(3) Use with caution in pregnant and lactating women, as well as elderly and pediatric patients.
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19. Felodipine (dichlorophenpyridine)
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[Efficacy] This product is a calcium channel blocker, which can lower blood pressure by blocking calcium ions from entering myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cells, relaxing vascular smooth muscle, and reducing peripheral vascular resistance.
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[Indications]Hypertension, ischemic heart disease, heart failure.
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> [Usage]Oral administration. The initial dose is 2.5 mg once daily.
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The usual dosage is 5-10 mg once daily. The dosage may be gradually increased or combined with other antihypertensive drugs as needed based on the patient's condition.
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> [Precautions]
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> (1) The adverse reactions of this product are generally mild, with occasional adverse reactions such as dizziness, headache, palpitations, fatigue, gingival hyperplasia and ankle swelling.
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(2) This product is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to it. Use with caution in pregnant women.
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20. Verapamil (Isopran)
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[Efficacy] This product is a calcium channel blocker, which can reduce myocardial oxygen consumption, reduce cardiac load, and lower blood pressure.
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[Indications]Hypertension, various types of angina pectoris, premature atrial contractions. It can also prevent angina pectoris or paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.
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[Usage]Oral administration. The initial dose is 40-80 mg each time, 3-4 times daily.
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Depending on the patient's condition and tolerance, the dosage may be gradually increased daily or weekly to 240–480 mg. The maximum daily dosage should not exceed 480 mg.
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> [Precautions]
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> (1) Occasionally, adverse reactions such as constipation, vomiting, nausea, dizziness and palpitations may occur after taking the medicine.
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> (2) Contraindicated in patients with hypotension, heart failure, conduction block, or cardiogenic shock.
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> (3) Use with caution in patients with bronchial asthma.
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21. Captopril (Capoton)
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> [Efficacy] This product is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, which can lower blood pressure by dilating blood vessels and increasing renal blood flow.
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[Indications]Various types of hypertension, especially severe hypertension unresponsive to conventional treatment. Also used to treat congestive heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, and secondary prevention after myocardial infarction.
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> [Usage]Oral administration. The initial dose is 12.5 mg each time, 2-3 times daily.
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Depending on the condition, the dosage can be gradually increased to 25 mg per dose after 2 weeks of medication. However, the maximum daily dose should not exceed 450 mg.
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> [Precautions]
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> (1) Occasionally, adverse reactions such as rash, itching, abnormal taste, intractable cough, angioedema, proteinuria, allergic interstitial nephritis, hyperkalemia and renal insufficiency may occur after taking the medicine.
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High doses can lead to granulocytopenia.
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> (2) This product is contraindicated in pregnant women, people with allergies, and patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis, severe aortic stenosis above the renal artery opening, active phase of autoimmune diseases, hyperkalemia, azotemia, angioedema, and hypotension.
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22. Enalapril (Enalapril Maleate)
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[Efficacy] This product is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, which can dilate blood vessels throughout the body and lower blood pressure by inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme.
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[Indications]Primary hypertension.
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[Usage]Oral administration. The initial dose is 5-10 mg daily, divided into 1-2 doses.
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Depending on the condition, the dosage can be gradually increased to 10-20 mg daily. The maximum daily dosage should not exceed 40 mg.
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> [Precautions]
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> (1) Occasionally, adverse reactions such as dizziness, headache, drowsiness, dry mouth, fatigue, abdominal discomfort, nausea, palpitations, cough, chest tightness, facial flushing, rash and proteinuria may occur after taking the medicine.
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(2) This product is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to it and in patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis.
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(3) Use with caution in pregnant women, children and those with severely impaired kidney function.
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23. Benazepril
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> [Efficacy] This product is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, which can lower blood pressure by dilating blood vessels and increasing renal blood flow.
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[Indications]Hypertension, heart failure.
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> [Usage]Oral administration. The initial dose is 10 mg once daily.
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Depending on the condition, the dosage can be gradually increased to 40 mg per day, divided into 1-2 doses.
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> [Precautions]
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> (1) Occasionally, adverse reactions such as dizziness, headache, fatigue, drowsiness, nausea, cough, symptomatic hypotension, orthostatic hypotension, palpitations, peripheral edema, rash, dermatitis and constipation may occur after taking the medicine.
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(2) This product is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to it.
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Use with caution in patients with renal artery stenosis, severe renal dysfunction, heart failure, coronary atherosclerosis, cerebral arteriosclerosis, renal insufficiency, and diabetes.
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24. Lisinopril (Jesner)
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[Efficacy] This product is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, which can dilate blood vessels and lower blood pressure by inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme.
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[Indications]Hypertension, congestive heart failure, acute myocardial infarction.
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[Usage]Oral administration. The initial dose is 10 mg once daily. The maintenance dose is 20 mg once daily.
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The dosage can be gradually increased depending on the patient's condition and tolerance, but the maximum daily dose should not exceed 80 mg.
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> [Precautions]
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> (1) Occasionally, adverse reactions such as dizziness, headache, diarrhea, fatigue, cough, nausea, rash, dry mouth and sweating may occur after taking the medicine.
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(2) This product is contraindicated in pregnant and lactating women, those allergic to this product, and patients with angioedema.
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25. Benazepril (Lotensin)
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[Efficacy] This product is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, which can dilate blood vessels, reduce peripheral vascular resistance, and lower blood pressure by inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme.
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[Indications]Hypertension, congestive heart failure.
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> [Usage]Oral administration. The initial dose is 5 mg three times daily.
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The usual dosage is 10–20 mg three times daily. The maximum daily dosage should not exceed 40 mg.
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> [Precautions]
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> (1) Occasionally, adverse reactions such as dizziness, fatigue, symptomatic hypotension, gastrointestinal discomfort, rash, itching, flushing, frequent urination, cough and headache may occur after taking the medicine; hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice, angioedema and other adverse reactions may also occur occasionally.
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(2) This product is contraindicated in pregnant women, those allergic to it, and patients with angioedema.
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> (3) Use with caution in patients with kidney disease, renal artery stenosis, aortic and mitral valve stenosis, anesthesia, and hyperkalemia.
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26. Fossimpson (Mono)
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[Efficacy] This product is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, which can promote vasodilation and reduce peripheral vascular resistance, thereby lowering blood pressure.
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[Indications]Hypertension, heart failure.
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[Usage]Oral administration. The initial dose is 10 mg once daily. The maintenance dose is 20–40 mg once daily. The maximum daily dose should not exceed 80 mg.
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> [Precautions]
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> (1) Occasionally, adverse reactions such as dizziness, headache, cough, fatigue, diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, rash, taste disturbance and sexual dysfunction may occur after taking the medicine.
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(2) This product is contraindicated in individuals with known hypersensitivity to it and in pregnant or lactating women.
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> (3) Use with caution in patients with severe heart failure, those using multiple or high-dose diuretics, those with reduced blood volume, low blood sodium, low blood pressure, unstable heart failure, and those receiving high-dose vasodilators.
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27. Perdopril
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[Efficacy] This product is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, which can reduce peripheral vascular resistance and dilate blood vessels by inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme, thereby lowering blood pressure.
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[Indications]Mild to moderate hypertension.
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[Usage]Oral administration. The initial dose is 2-4 mg once daily, taken in the morning before breakfast.
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The dosage can be gradually increased to 8 mg daily as needed. Elderly patients and those with impaired renal function should reduce the dosage accordingly.
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> [Precautions]
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(1) The adverse reactions of this product are relatively mild. Occasionally, adverse reactions such as headache, cough, gastrointestinal discomfort, menstrual disorders, insomnia, itching, rash, dizziness, taste changes, hypotension, sweating, facial flushing, proteinuria, fatigue, and palpitations may occur. Rarely, reversible increases in blood urea and creatinine, decrease in hemoglobin, and thrombocytopenic purpura may occur.
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(2) This product is contraindicated in children, pregnant women, breastfeeding women, and those allergic to it.
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(3) Use with caution in patients with renovascular hypertension, renal insufficiency, or those undergoing surgical anesthesia.
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