Prevention of the "Double Killer" of Women's Health: Standard Operating Procedures for Breast Self-Examination and Screening for Cervical Precancerous Lesions

(III) Prevention of Breast Cancer (1) Once diagnosed with fibrocystic breast disease, treatment should be initiated immediately; do not delay treatment. (2) For breastfeeding women, express as much milk as possible during each breastfeeding session. This will increase milk production and reduce the time that previously secreted milk remains in the breast. (3) Reduce or abstain from alcohol. Studies in some Western countries have shown that women who drink alcohol are more likely to develop breast cancer than those who do not. (4) Women with a family history of breast cancer should not only perform regular self-examinations but also have comprehensive checkups at the hospital regularly.

(IV) Breast Self-Examination Methods 1. "Visual" Examination Method (1) Raise both hands above your head. Place your hands firmly on your waist and contract your pectoral muscles. (2) Lean forward and observe the shape of your breasts, changes in the nipples and areolas. (3) Pay attention to changes in the shape of both breasts, whether they are symmetrical, whether there are local skin bulges, depressions and orange peel-like changes, and whether there are symptoms of redness, swelling, heat and pain on the surface of the breast skin. (4) Whether both nipples are symmetrical, whether there is recent indentation, whether there are scales on the nipples, gently squeeze the nipples and observe whether there is any secretion. 2. Breast "Touch" Examination Method (1) Lie on your left side with your knees bent, place your right hand on your forehead, and place a pillow under your right shoulder. (2) Use the pads of your left index, middle and ring fingers to palpate your right breast, being careful not to pinch the breast tissue during examination. (3) Examine the outer side of the breast from the armpit to the nipple and from the collarbone to the lower edge of the bra. When examining your breasts, gradually increase the pressure with your fingertips, following a three-step process: first, gently touch the breast skin; then, apply moderate pressure; finally, apply firm pressure until you can feel your ribs. Next, lie on your back. Bend your right elbow and place your arm beside your head. Begin examining the inner part of your right breast with your left hand. Use the same method as for the outer part, covering the area from the nipple to the center of the chest and from the collarbone to the bottom edge of your bra. Then examine the area above and below the collarbone. Note any enlarged lymph nodes; if any lumps are found, note their location, number, size, texture, tenderness, and mobility. Finally, check for enlarged lymph nodes in the armpit, starting from the center and proceeding along the armpit, from the lower arm to the chest, and then to the upper and outer sides of the arm.

VII. High-risk groups for cervical cancer are sub-healthy groups for cervical cancer (I) Ten high-risk groups for cervical cancer Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a precancerous lesion. Its risk of developing into cervical carcinoma in situ is 20 times that of normal people, and its risk of developing into invasive cervical cancer is 7 times that of normal people. The high-risk groups for CIN are mainly concentrated in the following ten categories: (1) Women with multiple sexual partners or excessively frequent sexual intercourse; (2) Women with young age at first sexual intercourse; (3) Women whose male sexual partners have cervical cancer; (4) Women who are currently or have been infected with herpes simplex virus; (5) Women infected with HIV; (6) Women with other sexually transmitted diseases, especially those with multiple sexually transmitted diseases; (7) Women who are currently receiving immunosuppressant therapy; (8) Women who smoke; (9) Women who have had cervical lesions, such as chronic cervicitis that was not treated in time, CIN, and a history of malignant tumors of the reproductive tract; (10) Women who have had or are currently infected with high-risk human papillomavirus of the reproductive tract. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the leading cause of cervical cancer transmitted through sexual contact. Because HPV is primarily transmitted through sexual intercourse, all sexually active women are at risk of infection. Women with the aforementioned risk factors should have regular early medical checkups and adhere to follow-up appointments.

(II) Four major symptoms of precancerous cervical lesions: First, bleeding after intercourse, a symptom present in 70%–80% of cervical cancer patients; second, cervical erosion. Persistent cervical erosion in young women, or cervical erosion persisting after menopause, should be taken seriously; third, contact bleeding, bleeding after intercourse, or uterine bleeding after a gynecological examination, are all signs of precancerous cervical lesions; fourth, bloody vaginal discharge, except for uterine bleeding caused by IUD insertion, women with persistent bloody vaginal discharge should be examined promptly. 80% of precancerous cervical lesions can be cured through early detection and treatment.